Fugitive Emissions uye API Kuedzwa kweValves

Ona Mufananidzo Mukuru
Fugitive emissions imhepo inopisa magasi anoburitswa kubva kumavharuvhu akadzvanywa.Izvi zvinobuda zvinogona kuitika netsaona, kuburikidza nekubuda kwemhepo kana nekuda kwemavharuvhu asina kunaka.

Utsi hwekutiza haungokonzeri kukuvadza vanhu nemhoteredzo chete asiwo hunoisa njodzi kune pundutso.Nekugara kwenguva refu kune zvinoputika organic compounds, vanhu vanogona kutanga zvirwere zvakakomba zvemuviri.Izvi zvinosanganisira vashandi mune zvimwe zvirimwa kana vanhu vanogara pedyo.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopa ruzivo rwekuti kuburitswa kwehupoteri kwakauya sei.Izvi zvichabatawo bvunzo dze API pamwe nezvinofanira kuitwa kudzikisa mhedzisiro yematambudziko ekudonha akadaro.

Zvitubu zveFugitive Emissions

Mavharuvhu Ndiwo Zvikonzero Zvepamusoro Zvekutiza Emissions
Mavharuvhu eindasitiri uye zvikamu zvawo, kazhinji, ndiwo akonzeresa maindasitiri anotiza emissions.Linear mavharuvhu akadai sepasi uye gedhi mavharuvhu ndiwo akajairika mavharuvhu marudzi anotarirwa kune theis mamiriro.

Mavharuvhu aya anoshandisa dzinde rinokwira kana rinotenderera pakuvhara nekuvhara.Mamichina aya anoburitsa kukandirana kwakawanda.Uyezve, majoini akabatana negaskets uye kurongedza masisitimu ndizvo zvakajairika zvikamu uko kuburitswa kwakadaro kunoitika.

Zvisinei, nokuti mavharuvhu emutsetse anodhura zvakanyanya, anoshandiswa kakawanda kupfuura mamwe marudzi emavharuvhu.Izvi zvinoita kuti mavharuvhu aya aite gakava maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Mavhavha Stems Anobatsira kune Fugitive Emissions

Kubuda kwehupoteri kubva kumadzinde evharuvhu kunosvika makumi matanhatu muzana ehutsi hwakakwana hunopiwa neimwe indasitiri yemaindasitiri.Izvi zvakabatanidzwa muongororo yakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia.Huwandu hwevharuvhu hunobva pahumwe hunoenderana nechikamu chikuru chakataurwa muchidzidzo.

Mavharuvhu Packings Anogonawo Kubatsira kune Fugitive Emissions

Kuomerwa kwekudzora kuburitswa kwehupoteri zvakare kuri mukurongedza.Nepo akawanda ekurongedza achinamatira uye achipfuura iyo API Standard 622 panguva yekuyedzwa, mazhinji anokundikana panguva chaiyo mamiriro.Sei?Kurongedza kunogadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva kumuviri wevhavha.

Panogona kunge paine misiyano midiki yezviyero pakati pekurongedza nevharuvhu.Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudonha.Zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga kunze kwezviyero zvinosanganisira kukwana uye kupera kwevharuvhu.

Dzimwe nzira dzePetroleum Ndidzowo Dzinokonzera

Fugitive emissions haingoitike chete panguva yekugadziriswa kwemagasi muindasitiri yemaindasitiri.Muchokwadi, kubuda kwehupoteri kunoitika mumatanho ese ekugadzirwa kwegasi.

Sekureva kweA Close Look at Fugitive Methane Emissions kubva kuGasi Rakasikwa, "kuburitsa kubva mukugadzirwa kwegasi rechisikigo kwakakura uye kunoitika padanho rega rega rehupenyu hwegasi, kubva pakugadzirwa kusati kwaitwa kuburikidza nekugadzira, kugadzirisa, kutapurirana, uye kugovera."

Ndeapi Iwo Akajeka API Maitiro eIndasitiri Fugitive Emissions?

IAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) nderimwe rematare anotonga anopa zviyero zvegasi rechisikigo uye maindasitiri emafuta.Yakagadzirwa muna 1919, API zviyero ndeimwe yeanotungamira nhungamiro kune zvese zvine chekuita nepetrochemical industries.Nezviyero zvinopfuura 700, API ichangobva kupa zviyero zvehupoteri zvine chekuita nemavharuvhu uye kurongedza kwavo.

Kunyange paine kumwe kuyedzwa kwekuburitsa kunowanikwa, iwo anonyanya kugamuchirwa mwero wekuyedza ndeaya ari pasi peAPI.Heano tsanangudzo dzakadzama dzeAPI 622, API 624 uye API 641.

API 622

Izvi zvinodaidzwa neimwe nzira API 622 Rudzi Rwekuedzwa kweProcess Valve Packing yeFugitive Emissions

Iyi ndiyo chiyero cheAPI chevhavha kurongedza mune-off mavharuvhu ane inokwira kana inotenderera dzinde.

Izvi zvinotarisa kana kurongedza kunogona kudzivirira kubuda kwemagasi.Pane nzvimbo ina dzekuongorora:
1. Yakawanda sei mwero wekudonha
2. Kudzivirira sei vharafu kusvika pakuora
3. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakurongedza
4. Chii chiri kuongororwa kweoxidation

Muedzo, neazvino kuburitswa kwa2011 uye uchiri kudzokororwa, unosanganisira 1,510 mechanical cycles ine mashanu 5000F ambient thermal cycles uye 600 psig inoshanda kumanikidza.

Mechanical cycles zvinoreva kuvhura kuzere kusvika pakuvhara kuzere kwevharuvhu.Panguva ino, kuvuza kwegasi rekuyedza kuri kuongororwa mukati menguva.

Imwe yeazvino kudzokorora kweAPI 622 Kuedzwa inyaya yeAPI 602 uye 603 mavharuvhu.Aya mavharuvhu ane nhete yevharuvhu yekurongedza uye aigara akundikana mu API 622 bvunzo.Iyo inobvumirwa kuvuza i500 zvikamu pamiriyoni vhoriyamu (ppmv).

API 624

Izvi zvinodaidzwa neimwe nzira API 624 Rudzi rwekuedzwa kweRising Stem Valve Yakashongedzerwa neFlexible Graphite Packing yeFugitive Emissions Standard.Iyi chiyero izvo zvinodikanwa zvekupotera emission bvunzo kune ese arikusimuka dzinde uye anotenderera stem mavharuvhu.Aya stem mavharuvhu anofanirwa kusanganisira kurongedza kwatopfuura iyo API Standard 622.

Mavharuvhu ari kuedzwa anofanirwa kuwira mukati mechikamu chinogamuchirwa che100 ppmv.Saizvozvo, API 624 ine 310 mechanical cycles uye matatu 5000F ambient cycles.Cherekedza, mavharuvhu pamusoro peNPS 24 kana anopfuura kirasi 1500 haana kuisirwa muAPI 624 yekuyedza chiyero.

Muedzo wakakundikana kana stem seal leakage ichipfuura 100 ppmv.Iyo stem valve haibvumirwe kugadzirisa kune inodonha panguva yekuedzwa.

API 641

Izvi zvinodaidzwa neimwe nzira API 624 Quarter Turn Valve FE Test.Iyi ndiyo chiyero chitsva chakagadziridzwa neAPI chinovhara mavharuvhu emhuri yekota turn valve.Imwe yemaitiro akabvumiranwa eiyi chiyero ndeye 100 ppmv yakakura renji yekuvuza inobvumidzwa.Chimwe chinogara chiripo ndeye API 641 ndiyo 610 quarter turn kutenderera.

Kune quarter turn mavharuvhu ane graphite kurongedza, inofanirwa kupfuura iyo API 622 yekuyedza kutanga.Nekudaro, kana kurongedza kuchisanganisirwa mu API 622 zviyero, izvi zvinogona kufanofembera iyo API 622 kuyedzwa.Muenzaniso ndeyekurongedza seti yakagadzirwa nePTFE.

Mavharuvhu anoedzwa pachiyero chepamusoro: 600 psig.Nekuda kwekusiyana kwetembiricha, kune maviri maseti ezviyero anoshandiswa kune tembiricha yevharuvhu:
● Mavharuvhu ane mwero pamusoro pe5000F
● Mavharuvhu akayerwa pasi pe5000F

API 622 vs API 624

Panogona kunge paine kuvhiringika pakati peAPI 622 neAPI 624. Muchikamu chino, cherechedza misiyano mishoma pakati pezviviri.
● Kuwanda kwemajini anobatanidzwa
● API 622 CHETE inosanganisira kurongedza;nepo, API 624 inosanganisira vharafu INOsanganisirwa nekurongedza
● Huwandu hwekubvinza kunobvumidzwa (500 ppmv yeAPI 622 uye 100 ppmv ye624)
● Nhamba inotenderwa kugadzirisa (imwe yeAPI 622 uye hapana yeAPI 624)

Nzira yekudzikisa sei Industrial Fugitive Emissions

Fugitive emissions inogona kudziviswa kuitira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwevharuvhu kumhepo.

#1 Shandura Ekare Mavharuvhu

Mavharuvhu ari kugara achichinja.Ita shuwa kuti mavharuvhu anotevera zvimiro nemirairo yazvino.Nekugara uchigadzirisa uye kuongororwa, zviri nyore kuona kuti ndeipi inofanira kutsiviwa.

#2 Yakakodzera Valve Kuisirwa uye Kugara Kwekutarisa

Kuiswa kwakashata kwemavharuvhu kunogona kukonzera kuvuza zvakare.Hiya nyanzvi dzepamusoro-soro dzinogona kuisa mavharuvhu nemazvo.Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwevharuvhu kunogonawo kuona hurongwa hwekudonha kunogona kuitika.Kuburikidza nekutarisa nguva dzose, mavharuvhu anogona kubuda kana kuvhurika netsaona anogona kuonekwa zviri nyore.

Panofanira kunge paine bvunzo dzekudonha dzinoyera huwandu hwemhute inoburitswa nemavharuvhu.Maindasitiri anoshandisa mavharuvhu akagadzira bvunzo dzepamusoro kuona kubuda kwevharuvhu:
● Nzira 21
Izvi zvinoshandisa murazvo weionization detector kutarisa kubuda
● Optimal Gas Imaging (OGI)
Izvi zvinoshandisa infrared kamera kuona kuvuza muchirimwa
● Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)
Izvi zvinokwanisa kuona zvinobuda muhupoteri zviri kure.

#3 Dziviriro Yekuchengetedza Sarudzo

Yekudzivirira kuchengetedza yekutarisa inogona kuona nyaya nemavharuvhu padanho rekutanga.Izvi zvinogona kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa valve isina kunaka.

Sei Pane Kudikanwa Kudzikisa Kubuda Kwekutiza?

Kubuda kwehupotera ndiko kuri kukonzera kudziya kwepasi rose.Ichokwadi, kune sangano rinoshanda rinotarisira kuderedza utsi.Asi mushure mekuzivikanwa kwayo makore anoda kusvika zana kubva pakuzivikanwa, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuchiri kukwira .

Sezvo kudiwa kwesimba pasi rose kuchiwedzera, kudiwa kwekutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzemarasha nemafuta efossil kwave kuwedzerawo.

Kunobva: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions

Methane uye ethane zviri mukuzivikanwa sedzimwe nzira dzinoshanda pane mafuta efossil nemarasha.Ichokwadi kuti pane zvakawanda zvinogoneka sezviwanikwa zvesimba kune vaviri ava.Zvisinei, methane, kunyanya, ine 30 nguva yakakwirira yekudziya simba pane CO2.

Ichi ndicho chikonzero chealarm kune vese vezvemamiriro ekunze uye maindasitiri anoshandisa sosi iyi.Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzivirira kubuda kwevharuvhu kunogoneka kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwepamusoro-mhando uye API-inobvumidzwa mavharuvhu eindasitiri.

Kunobva: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1180.pdf

Muchidimbu

Hapana mubvunzo kuti mavharuvhu akakosha zvikamu zvechero maindasitiri application.Zvisinei, mavharuvhu haagadzirwe sechikamu chimwe chakasimba;asi, inoumbwa nezvikamu.Zviyero zvezvikamu izvi zvinogona kusakwana 100% kune mumwe nemumwe, zvichitungamira mukudonha.Aya mavuza anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kune zvakatipoteredza.Kudzivirira kubuda kwakadaro ibasa rakakosha remushandisi wevharuvhu.